1 00:00:00,050 --> 00:00:09,110 [Music] 2 00:00:13,490 --> 00:00:11,450 an Einstein ring is a very cool feature 3 00:00:15,110 --> 00:00:13,500 of gravitational lensing where a 4 00:00:17,870 --> 00:00:15,120 background Galaxy gets stretched out 5 00:00:18,950 --> 00:00:17,880 into a full ring around the foreground 6 00:00:21,470 --> 00:00:18,960 lens 7 00:00:23,750 --> 00:00:21,480 molten ring is a really interesting case 8 00:00:26,509 --> 00:00:23,760 where it's one of the largest galaxies 9 00:00:28,250 --> 00:00:26,519 that forms a near complete Einstein ring 10 00:00:30,170 --> 00:00:28,260 the molten ring you have a very large 11 00:00:33,229 --> 00:00:30,180 cluster of galaxies that has magnified 12 00:00:37,610 --> 00:00:35,270 Einstein's theory of general relativity 13 00:00:39,889 --> 00:00:37,620 is really sort of what predicted these 14 00:00:42,590 --> 00:00:39,899 Einstein rings in the first place he 15 00:00:44,569 --> 00:00:42,600 created this whole machinery for how 16 00:00:46,430 --> 00:00:44,579 gravity is supposed to work matter would 17 00:00:48,350 --> 00:00:46,440 tell space-time how to curve and 18 00:00:50,330 --> 00:00:48,360 space-time would tell matter how to move 19 00:00:52,250 --> 00:00:50,340 and then as you have light moving 20 00:00:54,049 --> 00:00:52,260 through this curved space time that 21 00:00:56,270 --> 00:00:54,059 those equations led to the prediction 22 00:00:58,790 --> 00:00:56,280 that this light would almost move on 23 00:01:00,650 --> 00:00:58,800 what seems like curved paths and caused 24 00:01:02,750 --> 00:01:00,660 the phenomenon of gravitational lensing 25 00:01:04,910 --> 00:01:02,760 which is where this light gets 26 00:01:07,130 --> 00:01:04,920 essentially bent and distorted by a 27 00:01:09,289 --> 00:01:07,140 foreground lens like your Galaxy cluster 28 00:01:11,149 --> 00:01:09,299 and creates these these stretched out 29 00:01:13,190 --> 00:01:11,159 images that are magnified of these 30 00:01:15,350 --> 00:01:13,200 distant galaxies that we see 31 00:01:18,050 --> 00:01:15,360 it's definitely a bit of an optical 32 00:01:20,929 --> 00:01:18,060 illusion so if you were to take the 33 00:01:22,429 --> 00:01:20,939 gravitational lens completely away then 34 00:01:23,990 --> 00:01:22,439 these background galaxies would just 35 00:01:25,910 --> 00:01:24,000 look like you know the normal everyday 36 00:01:28,190 --> 00:01:25,920 galaxies that we see at these distances 37 00:01:30,170 --> 00:01:28,200 and it'd be a lot harder to to pick 38 00:01:32,870 --> 00:01:30,180 apart what's going on in their their 39 00:01:34,249 --> 00:01:32,880 inner workings so the the gravitational 40 00:01:35,990 --> 00:01:34,259 lensing effect it is kind of like 41 00:01:37,730 --> 00:01:36,000 looking you know at a fun house mirror 42 00:01:40,010 --> 00:01:37,740 it makes the the background object 43 00:01:42,050 --> 00:01:40,020 appear a little bit bigger a little bit 44 00:01:44,330 --> 00:01:42,060 distorted you know just like you go to a 45 00:01:46,730 --> 00:01:44,340 fun house and you see you know your head 46 00:01:48,710 --> 00:01:46,740 looks gigantic your body looks tiny it's 47 00:01:50,450 --> 00:01:48,720 a similar effect but we can use it for 48 00:01:51,950 --> 00:01:50,460 science as opposed to just you know 49 00:01:53,510 --> 00:01:51,960 looking at ourselves and saying oh wow 50 00:01:55,010 --> 00:01:53,520 that's kind of funny 51 00:01:57,170 --> 00:01:55,020 the Hubble Space Telescope has 52 00:01:59,090 --> 00:01:57,180 definitely taken the clearest images of 53 00:02:00,770 --> 00:01:59,100 the Einstein rings and they've really 54 00:02:02,149 --> 00:02:00,780 you know verified this part of 55 00:02:04,249 --> 00:02:02,159 Einstein's theories of general 56 00:02:05,990 --> 00:02:04,259 relativity they've really you know shown 57 00:02:08,270 --> 00:02:06,000 us a lot more about how gravitational 58 00:02:09,889 --> 00:02:08,280 lensing works and really sort of push 59 00:02:11,150 --> 00:02:09,899 the limits of what we can learn about